Licorice, Doum, and Banana Peel Extracts Inhibit Aspergillus flavus Growth and Suppress Metabolic Pathway of Aflatoxin B1 Production

Three different concentrations of four (ethanol, acetone, methanol, and diethyl ether) extracts licorice, doum, banana peel were evaluated for antifungal antimycotoxigenic efficiency against a maize aflatoxigenic fungus, Aspergillus flavus. Among them, the licorice ether 75% extract was intensely active, showing best wet dry weight inhibition exhibiting highest efficacy ratio (91%). Regarding aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production, all plant tested effective AFB1 production after one month storage, with average ratios ranging from 74.1% to 97.5%. At same time, Thiram fungicide exhibited an 20.14%. The relative expression levels three structural genes (aflD, aflP, aflQ) two regulatory (aflR aflS) significantly downregulated when compared untreated grains or Thiram-treated grains. doum showed total phenolic content (60.48 mg GAE/g wt.) antioxidant activity (84.71 ?g/mL). GC–MS analysis revealed that dimethoxycinnamic acid, aspartic valproic linoleic acid might imbue capacities in relation fungal growth biosynthesis. Finally, results suggest can be considered promising source developing potentially environmentally safer alternative ways control formation, thus creating protective method grain storage.